Sahara
Sahel
Savanna
Tropical Rain Forrest
Congo River
Niger River
Nile River
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Victoria
Atlas Mountains
Kalahari Desert
Democratic Republic Of Africa
Egypt
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Sudan
South Sudan
19. water pollution and unequal distribution of water impacts trade, irrigation, industry, drinking
How does unequal distribution of water impact irrigation?
It is very difficult to grow crops without having water for irrigation (or from sufficient rainfall) so farmers can’t grow crops which leads to starvation/famine.
How can industry impact water pollution?
Industrial companies often improperly DUMP their waste into water supplies which people use for cooking, bathing, cleaning, watering animals, etc.
Describe the impact of water pollution have on drinking water in Africa?
Disease, sickness, death, etc. can result because Africans don’t have access to clean, safe drinking water.
How does water become dangerous for rural Africans?
Because of drought and reduced water in rivers, streams, and lakes, people and animals are using the same water; there are many forms of dangerous bacteria in the water that people use and it can make them very sick.
How does unequal distribution of water impact irrigation?
It is very difficult to grow crops without having water for irrigation (or from sufficient rainfall) so farmers can’t grow crops which leads to starvation/famine.
How can industry impact water pollution?
Industrial companies often improperly DUMP their waste into water supplies which people use for cooking, bathing, cleaning, watering animals, etc.
Describe the impact of water pollution have on drinking water in Africa?
Disease, sickness, death, etc. can result because Africans don’t have access to clean, safe drinking water.
How does water become dangerous for rural Africans?
Because of drought and reduced water in rivers, streams, and lakes, people and animals are using the same water; there are many forms of dangerous bacteria in the water that people use and it can make them very sick.
20. poor soil and desertification in Sub-Saharan Africa
How can deforestation cause soil to be poor (not good for farming)?
cutting down too many trees can cause soil erosion and loss of nutrients in the soil which causes less crop production.
How can deforestation cause desertification?
1. Roots of trees hold soil in place
2. trees protect soil from drying out and losing nutrients
3. baked soil erodes easily by wind and water
4. cutting down thousands of tree puts less moisture into the atmosphere and causes less rainfall.
List 4 causes of desertification.
A. drought
B. deforestation
C. over grazing animals
D. over-farming the land/poor farming techniques
Explain how polluted water negatively affects people in Africa.
It causes disease and sickness which impacts people’s ability to work, grow crops, go to school, etc.
Explain how desertification negatively affects people in Africa.
No land to grow crops, no vegetation for animals~ people in areas affected by desertification are forced to move to other areas
What happens when people leave areas of desertification and move to areas father south?
They have to clear land for homes, animals and farms which can lead to desertification there too.
How can deforestation cause soil to be poor (not good for farming)?
cutting down too many trees can cause soil erosion and loss of nutrients in the soil which causes less crop production.
How can deforestation cause desertification?
1. Roots of trees hold soil in place
2. trees protect soil from drying out and losing nutrients
3. baked soil erodes easily by wind and water
4. cutting down thousands of tree puts less moisture into the atmosphere and causes less rainfall.
List 4 causes of desertification.
A. drought
B. deforestation
C. over grazing animals
D. over-farming the land/poor farming techniques
Explain how polluted water negatively affects people in Africa.
It causes disease and sickness which impacts people’s ability to work, grow crops, go to school, etc.
Explain how desertification negatively affects people in Africa.
No land to grow crops, no vegetation for animals~ people in areas affected by desertification are forced to move to other areas
What happens when people leave areas of desertification and move to areas father south?
They have to clear land for homes, animals and farms which can lead to desertification there too.
21. desertification of Africa from Sahel to the rain-forest
Many say that the deserts of the Sahel and Sahara are spreading to the rain-forests through the savanna. The conditions are getting dryer and less rainfall is becoming more common. This map tells about the most highly affected places by desertification; including Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda, which most of these places are in the savanna and starting rain-forest regions.
Many say that the deserts of the Sahel and Sahara are spreading to the rain-forests through the savanna. The conditions are getting dryer and less rainfall is becoming more common. This map tells about the most highly affected places by desertification; including Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda, which most of these places are in the savanna and starting rain-forest regions.
22. ethnic groups
An ethnic group or ethnicity is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or national experience. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage,ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language and/or dialect and sometimes ideology, manifests itself through symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, physical appearance, etc.
An ethnic group or ethnicity is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or national experience. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage,ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language and/or dialect and sometimes ideology, manifests itself through symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, physical appearance, etc.
23. religious groups
A set of individuals whose identity as such is distinctive in terms of common religious creed, beliefs, doctrines, practices, or rituals. These people relate to each other by beliefs, religious books, and specific things that are unique to their religions.
A set of individuals whose identity as such is distinctive in terms of common religious creed, beliefs, doctrines, practices, or rituals. These people relate to each other by beliefs, religious books, and specific things that are unique to their religions.
24. Arab ethnic groups
25. Ashanti ethnic groups
Ashanti, are a nation and ethnic group native to Ashanti land and the Kingdom of Ashanti of south Ghana. Ashanti are the largest sub-grouping of the Akan people. Ashanti speak Ashanti a dialect of the Akan language. Prior to European colonization, the Ashanti people developed a large and influential empire, the Ashanti Empire along the Gulf of Guinea. The Ashanti later developed the powerful Ashanti Confederacy or Asanteman and became the dominant presence on the Gulf of Guinea region. The Ashanti King Asantehene is the political and spiritual head of the Ashantis. The word Ashanti is a British misnomer and Ashanti is the correct Twi. Ashanti literally means "because of wars" (Asa - wars; Ni- because[of]).
Ashanti, are a nation and ethnic group native to Ashanti land and the Kingdom of Ashanti of south Ghana. Ashanti are the largest sub-grouping of the Akan people. Ashanti speak Ashanti a dialect of the Akan language. Prior to European colonization, the Ashanti people developed a large and influential empire, the Ashanti Empire along the Gulf of Guinea. The Ashanti later developed the powerful Ashanti Confederacy or Asanteman and became the dominant presence on the Gulf of Guinea region. The Ashanti King Asantehene is the political and spiritual head of the Ashantis. The word Ashanti is a British misnomer and Ashanti is the correct Twi. Ashanti literally means "because of wars" (Asa - wars; Ni- because[of]).
26. Bantu ethnic groups
Bantu peoples is used as a general label for the 300–600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. They inhabit a geographical area stretching east and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa.
Bantu peoples is used as a general label for the 300–600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. They inhabit a geographical area stretching east and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa.
27. Swahili ethnic groups
The Swahili people are an ethnic and cultural group inhabiting the African Great Lakes region. Members mainly reside on the Swahili Coast, in an area encompassing the Zanzibar archipelago, coastal Kenya, the Tanzania seaboard, and northern Mozambique. The name Swahili is derived from the Arabic word Sawahil سواحل, meaning "coasts". The Swahili speak the Swahili language, which belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family.
The Swahili people are an ethnic and cultural group inhabiting the African Great Lakes region. Members mainly reside on the Swahili Coast, in an area encompassing the Zanzibar archipelago, coastal Kenya, the Tanzania seaboard, and northern Mozambique. The name Swahili is derived from the Arabic word Sawahil سواحل, meaning "coasts". The Swahili speak the Swahili language, which belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family.
28. literacy rate****
The working definition of literacy rate is the number of people in a country that can read, write, spell, and even listen.
The working definition of literacy rate is the number of people in a country that can read, write, spell, and even listen.
29. unitary*****
A unitary state is a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub national units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government.
A unitary state is a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub national units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government.
30. confederation*****
When a group of people or nations form an alliance, it is called a confederation, allowing each member to govern itself but agreeing to work together for common purposes.
When a group of people or nations form an alliance, it is called a confederation, allowing each member to govern itself but agreeing to work together for common purposes.
31. federal*****
The federal government is the common or national government of a federation. A federal government may have distinct powers at various levels authorized or delegated to it by its member states. The structure of federal governments vary. Based on a broad definition of a basic federalism, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and govern through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution.
The federal government is the common or national government of a federation. A federal government may have distinct powers at various levels authorized or delegated to it by its member states. The structure of federal governments vary. Based on a broad definition of a basic federalism, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and govern through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution.
32. autocratic*****
One ruler who has total control of their government and economy. This one person will decide all economic decisions.
One ruler who has total control of their government and economy. This one person will decide all economic decisions.
33. oligarchic*****
A small group of rulers who will decide all the economic decisions and government decisions for their country.
A small group of rulers who will decide all the economic decisions and government decisions for their country.
34. democratic*****
A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.
A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.
35. parliamentary*****
democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.
democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.
36. presidential*****
A presidential system is a republican system of government where a head of government is also head of state and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. The United States, for instance, has a presidential system.
A presidential system is a republican system of government where a head of government is also head of state and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. The United States, for instance, has a presidential system.
37. republican system of government in Kenya and South Africa
http://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/compare/south-africa.kenya
http://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/compare/south-africa.kenya
38. why South Sudan became independent
South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 peace deal that ended Africa's longest-running civil war. An overwhelming majority of South Sudanese voted in a January 2011 referendum to secede and become Africa's first new country since Eritrea split from Ethiopia in 1993. The decision to secede can be traced to the northern Sudanese government's consistent policy of marginalization of the southern part of the country since Sudan became independent in 1956. The people of the South, who are non-Arab, Christian, and animist, have long felt oppressed by their neighbors in the Arab and Muslim North.The southern liberation struggle led by the late Dr. John Garang called for a unified Sudan "on a new basis," through a representative government that upheld basic rights and respect for Sudan's diverse peoples in the north, south, east, and west of the country. But when the 1983-2005 civil war ended, a signed North-South peace deal granted southerners the right to a self-determination vote after six years. When that referendum was held last January, nearly 99 percent of southerners voted for secession of the South, rejecting the hope enshrined in the 2005 peace deal: that unity could be made "attractive" to southerners who had suffered for decades under northern rule.
South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 peace deal that ended Africa's longest-running civil war. An overwhelming majority of South Sudanese voted in a January 2011 referendum to secede and become Africa's first new country since Eritrea split from Ethiopia in 1993. The decision to secede can be traced to the northern Sudanese government's consistent policy of marginalization of the southern part of the country since Sudan became independent in 1956. The people of the South, who are non-Arab, Christian, and animist, have long felt oppressed by their neighbors in the Arab and Muslim North.The southern liberation struggle led by the late Dr. John Garang called for a unified Sudan "on a new basis," through a representative government that upheld basic rights and respect for Sudan's diverse peoples in the north, south, east, and west of the country. But when the 1983-2005 civil war ended, a signed North-South peace deal granted southerners the right to a self-determination vote after six years. When that referendum was held last January, nearly 99 percent of southerners voted for secession of the South, rejecting the hope enshrined in the 2005 peace deal: that unity could be made "attractive" to southerners who had suffered for decades under northern rule.
39. compare various factors, including gender, affecting access to education in Kenya and Sudan
http://www.nationmaster.com/countr y/su-sudan/edu-education
http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Kenya/Education
Biggest problem for education: years of civil war • The UN estimates that 75% of children in southern Sudan (including Darfur) have no access to education • National literacy rate about 61%, but 72% for boys and 50% for girls • 2/3 of available $$ (which isn’t much) goes to boys’ education, leaving only 1/3 to girls’ education • Christian schools started by missionaries have been closed by the government and Muslim schools have been opened in their place, which will have a greater impact on female education. Where there is access to education (mainly in the cities), girls usually leave school at age 10 because many feel they only need to be trained in domestic skills. • Parents of Sudanese girls thought that schools would corrupt the morals of their daughters • Many girls who are allowed to go to school, mainly study the Quran
Kenya’s government has made education a priority, spending 7% of their national budget on education • Elementary school is free • About 85% of kids go to elementary school, but only 24% go to high school and a mere 2% go to college • National literacy rate about 85%- 91% for boys and 79% for girls. • School attendance is much higher in the cities • In rural areas, teachers struggle to convince parents that education is important for girls-they still feel that girls don’t need an education, only need to prepare for marriage. • Early marriages are common as they bring a dowry (money or gifts given by the bride’s family) to the groom’s family • AIDS is a problem for education in both Kenya and Sudan because of the high number of orphans
http://www.nationmaster.com/countr y/su-sudan/edu-education
http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Kenya/Education
Biggest problem for education: years of civil war • The UN estimates that 75% of children in southern Sudan (including Darfur) have no access to education • National literacy rate about 61%, but 72% for boys and 50% for girls • 2/3 of available $$ (which isn’t much) goes to boys’ education, leaving only 1/3 to girls’ education • Christian schools started by missionaries have been closed by the government and Muslim schools have been opened in their place, which will have a greater impact on female education. Where there is access to education (mainly in the cities), girls usually leave school at age 10 because many feel they only need to be trained in domestic skills. • Parents of Sudanese girls thought that schools would corrupt the morals of their daughters • Many girls who are allowed to go to school, mainly study the Quran
Kenya’s government has made education a priority, spending 7% of their national budget on education • Elementary school is free • About 85% of kids go to elementary school, but only 24% go to high school and a mere 2% go to college • National literacy rate about 85%- 91% for boys and 79% for girls. • School attendance is much higher in the cities • In rural areas, teachers struggle to convince parents that education is important for girls-they still feel that girls don’t need an education, only need to prepare for marriage. • Early marriages are common as they bring a dowry (money or gifts given by the bride’s family) to the groom’s family • AIDS is a problem for education in both Kenya and Sudan because of the high number of orphans
40. impact of government stability on distributing resources to fight AIDS
HIV/AIDS in Africa
AIDS in Africa - See animated maps and people charts and animations with current AIDS statistics in Africa.
Animated World Clock - This website keeps up to the second world statistics for population, illness, environmental issues, death, energy consumption, crimes, food, and more. Check it out! It is pretty cool!
HIV/AIDS in Africa
- 24.5 million out of 38 million cases in sub-Saharan Africa
- first cases in sub-Saharan Africa in 1985
- myths are spread about transmission
- life expectancies have lowered
- Botswana (61 in 1987, 38 in 2003)
- South Africa (63 in 1992, 46 in 2003)
- instability of governments have led to more HIV cases
- anti-viral drugs cost ($10,000 - $15,000) per year… too expensive
- many southern African nations have HIV rates of over 30%
- affecting economic growth
AIDS in Africa - See animated maps and people charts and animations with current AIDS statistics in Africa.
Animated World Clock - This website keeps up to the second world statistics for population, illness, environmental issues, death, energy consumption, crimes, food, and more. Check it out! It is pretty cool!
41. traditional economy*****
A traditional economy is an original economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and the products the society creates. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based.
A traditional economy is an original economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and the products the society creates. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based.
42. market economy******
A market economy is an economy in which decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on supply and demand, and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.
43. command economy******
A command economy is when government makes decisions, or a planned economy, is an economic system where the main economic decisions (such as allocating scarce resources like labor, capital, soil and natural resources) are taken by a central body; which is usually the government.
44. South Africa's economy
Economy- 62.5 on the economic continuum, mixed; closer to market. Economically rising with a rich mining business in Johannesburg, which in turn gives money to help South Africa's economy. The rand is the currency in South Africa, and a few people have added it onto the BRICS , which is: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and now South Africa.
Economy- 62.5 on the economic continuum, mixed; closer to market. Economically rising with a rich mining business in Johannesburg, which in turn gives money to help South Africa's economy. The rand is the currency in South Africa, and a few people have added it onto the BRICS , which is: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and now South Africa.
45. Nigeria's economy
Economy- 54 on the economic continuum, small difference from being on the market side. In 2013, Nigeria passed South Africa economically, but they are still in a third word status. With a president, Good Luck Jonathan, much of this' country's economical earnings seem to be disappearing, which in turn does not go to the people who need it. This country is built upon their earning s from oil, and produce roughly 2 million barrels of oil a day, making it the 7th largest oil producer in the world, and makes up nearly 95% of their earnings from exports. WOW!
Economy- 54 on the economic continuum, small difference from being on the market side. In 2013, Nigeria passed South Africa economically, but they are still in a third word status. With a president, Good Luck Jonathan, much of this' country's economical earnings seem to be disappearing, which in turn does not go to the people who need it. This country is built upon their earning s from oil, and produce roughly 2 million barrels of oil a day, making it the 7th largest oil producer in the world, and makes up nearly 95% of their earnings from exports. WOW!
46. specialization encouraging trade between countries*****
When a country is good at making their product they specialize in it, and improve the product to make more money. If another country doesn't have that but specializes in something the other one needs, then they will trade. This is why specialization encourages trade.
When a country is good at making their product they specialize in it, and improve the product to make more money. If another country doesn't have that but specializes in something the other one needs, then they will trade. This is why specialization encourages trade.
47. tariffs****
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports (an international trade tariff), or a list of prices for such things as rail service, bus routes, and electrical usage (electrical tariff, etc.)
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports (an international trade tariff), or a list of prices for such things as rail service, bus routes, and electrical usage (electrical tariff, etc.)
48. quotas****
limited quantity of a particular product that under official controls can be produced, exported, or imported.
limited quantity of a particular product that under official controls can be produced, exported, or imported.
49. embargos****
an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.
an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.
50. how distribution of diamonds, gold, uranium, and oil affects Africa's economic development
Africa's economies have been heavily effected by oil and minerals. Take for example Nigeria and South Africa; oil and minerals, they are very high in the rankings of Africa for wealth. Oil and minerals help these countries become wealthier and more prosperous, and even can set them in the world rankings. As these things become more needed; more countries will need and want to get it, causing there to be competition and higher prices.
Africa's economies have been heavily effected by oil and minerals. Take for example Nigeria and South Africa; oil and minerals, they are very high in the rankings of Africa for wealth. Oil and minerals help these countries become wealthier and more prosperous, and even can set them in the world rankings. As these things become more needed; more countries will need and want to get it, causing there to be competition and higher prices.
51. how European countries portioning Africa has led to conflicts
The "Scramble for Africa" is the popular name for the invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and the Conquest of Africa.
http://www.yale.edu/leitner/resources/papers/scramble_africa_stelios_elias.pdf
The "Scramble for Africa" is the popular name for the invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and the Conquest of Africa.
http://www.yale.edu/leitner/resources/papers/scramble_africa_stelios_elias.pdf
52. how nationalism led to independence in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria
https://prezi.com/josfdrrqap_s/independence-of-south-africa-kenya-and-nigeria/
https://prezi.com/josfdrrqap_s/independence-of-south-africa-kenya-and-nigeria/
53. apartheid in South Africa
Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ɐˈpartɦɛit]; an Afrikaans word meaning "the state of being apart", literally "apart-hood") was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP) governments, the ruling party from 1948 to 1994. Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk were main figures in fighting this.
Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ɐˈpartɦɛit]; an Afrikaans word meaning "the state of being apart", literally "apart-hood") was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP) governments, the ruling party from 1948 to 1994. Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk were main figures in fighting this.
54. Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He worked with F.W. de Klerk to help end the apartheid, and he was successful.
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He worked with F.W. de Klerk to help end the apartheid, and he was successful.
55. F.W. de Klerk
Frederik Willem de Klerk is a South African politician who served as the country's State President from September 1989 to May 1994. He was the seventh and last head of state of South Africa under the apartheid era
Frederik Willem de Klerk is a South African politician who served as the country's State President from September 1989 to May 1994. He was the seventh and last head of state of South Africa under the apartheid era
56. Pan-African movement
Pan-African-ism, the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-African-ism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. There are many varieties of Pan-African-ism. In its narrowest political manifestation, Pan-Africans envision a unified African nation where all people of the African diaspora can live. (African diaspora refers to the long-term historical process by which people of African descent have been scattered from their ancestral homelands to other parts of the world.) In more-general terms, Pan-African-ism is the sentiment that people of African descent have a great deal in common, a fact that deserves notice and even celebration.
Pan-African-ism, the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-African-ism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. There are many varieties of Pan-African-ism. In its narrowest political manifestation, Pan-Africans envision a unified African nation where all people of the African diaspora can live. (African diaspora refers to the long-term historical process by which people of African descent have been scattered from their ancestral homelands to other parts of the world.) In more-general terms, Pan-African-ism is the sentiment that people of African descent have a great deal in common, a fact that deserves notice and even celebration.
57. republic
A republic is a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them. any body of persons viewed as a commonwealth. a state in which the head of government is not a monarch or other hereditary head of state.